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Maximum USDA loan amount and county loan limits

USDA Guaranteed sets no maximum loan amount. See how USDA loan limits by county work under Section 502 Direct, and what actually caps the amount you can borrow.

Last verified 2026-08-05

Source review by Rural Home Check; last reviewed 2026-08-05

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Short answer
The USDA Section 502 Guaranteed Loan Program publishes no maximum loan amount and no county loan limit: USDA's own program training states there are no maximum purchase price limits, and financing runs to 100% of the appraised value. Section 502 DIRECT is the program with county figures — USDA sets each applicant's maximum loan amount from repayment ability and the area loan limit for the county the property is in.
How to use this page
Use this when a search for a USDA loan limit, a maximum USDA loan amount, or a county loan-limit table returned a number and you need to know which USDA program it belongs to before a lender sizes the loan.
Deep dive

Searches for `maximum USDA loan amount`, `USDA max loan amount`, `USDA county loan limits` and `USDA loan limits by county` all collide with the same problem: they assume USDA publishes one county loan-limit schedule, the way buyers know FHA's. It does not, and the answer depends on which of the two Section 502 programs is meant. The Guaranteed Loan — the one most buyers use, through an approved lender — has no maximum loan amount and no county cap; the size of the loan is set by the appraised value and by what the household's repayment income supports. The Direct Loan, made by USDA itself, is the program with county figures: USDA determines an applicant's maximum loan amount from repayment ability and from the published area loan limit for the property's county. Neither of these is the household income limit, which is a third, separate test.

Does USDA set a maximum loan amount?

Not for the Section 502 Guaranteed Loan Program. USDA's own Guaranteed Loan Program 101 training deck lists 'No maximum purchase price limits' among the homebuyer benefits and describes the product as '100% financing based on appraised value', with the loan amount required to be 'supported by appraised value' and by the borrower's 'ability to meet monthly obligations and repay the loan'. There is no county schedule to look up, which is why a search for a USDA loan limit by county usually returns either an FHA table or the Direct-loan figures described below.

USDA loan limits by county exist — but only for Section 502 Direct

The Section 502 Direct Home Loan is made and serviced by USDA Rural Development rather than by a lender, and it is the program that carries county figures. USDA's Direct Home Loans program page states that on a complete application 'RD will determine the applicant's eligibility using verified information and the applicant's maximum loan amount based on their repayment ability and the area loan limit for the county in which the property is located.' USDA publishes those figures in its Area Loan Limits document for Single Family Housing Direct, selectable by state and then by county. So `USDA county loan limits` is a real thing — it is a Direct-loan term, and it does not apply to the Guaranteed loan most buyers are prequalified for.

USDA income limits are not USDA loan limits

These are the two facts most often merged into one search. An income limit is a ceiling on who may borrow: adjusted annual household income must fall at or below the moderate-income row for the property's county and household size in HB-1-3555 Appendix 5 — $122,800 for one-to-four-person households and $162,100 for five-to-eight-person households in most counties under the FY 2026 table effective July 13, 2026, with higher-cost counties above that. A loan limit is a ceiling on how much may be borrowed. A household can sit far under the income limit and still be sized to a modest loan, because the two ceilings are computed from different figures and answer different questions.

What actually caps a USDA Guaranteed loan amount

Three things, none of them a county table. First, the appraised value: financing runs to 100% of it, and the appraised value may be exceeded only by the financed 1.0% upfront guarantee fee. Second, repayment ability: under HB-1-3555 Chapter 11 an applicant is considered to have repayment ability when the proposed monthly housing expense does not exceed the 29% PITI ratio of repayment income and total debts do not exceed the 41% total-debt ratio, and USDA's automated underwriting may accept higher ratios when the lender documents strong compensating factors. Third, the monthly payment itself, which includes taxes, insurance and the 0.35% annual fee. Note that repayment income — the stable, dependable income of the borrowers on the note — is not the adjusted household income the limit test uses.

How to find the USDA area loan limit for a county

Open USDA's Area Loan Limits document for Single Family Housing Direct and select the state, then read the row for the county the property sits in. Two cautions before using that number. It applies to the Direct loan, so if a lender has prequalified the household for a Guaranteed loan the county figure is not the cap on that loan. And an area loan limit says nothing about whether the property is in an eligible rural area or whether the household is under the income ceiling — those are separate screens, and both still have to pass. Run the address and the household income through the precheck first, then take the result to a USDA-approved lender or the state Rural Development office, which make the actual determination.

Common questions

Maximum USDA loan amount and county loan limits — answers to the questions buyers ask

What is the maximum USDA loan amount?
For the Section 502 Guaranteed Loan Program there is no maximum loan amount. USDA's Guaranteed Loan Program 101 training lists 'No maximum purchase price limits' and describes 100% financing based on appraised value; the practical ceiling is the appraised value plus the financed upfront guarantee fee, and what the household's repayment income supports under the 29% PITI ratio and 41% total-debt ratio guidelines. For the Section 502 Direct Loan, USDA sets each applicant's maximum loan amount from repayment ability and the area loan limit for the property's county.
Does USDA have loan limits by county?
Only for Section 502 Direct. USDA publishes area loan limits by county for the Direct loan and states that an applicant's maximum loan amount is based on repayment ability and the area loan limit for the county in which the property is located. The Section 502 Guaranteed Loan Program — the one made through an approved lender — publishes no county loan limits at all.
What are USDA county loan limits?
They are the Section 502 Direct area loan limits: a per-county figure USDA publishes in its Area Loan Limits document for Single Family Housing Direct, selectable by state and then county. They are one input to a Direct applicant's maximum loan amount, alongside repayment ability. They are not income limits, and they are not a cap on a USDA Guaranteed loan.
Are USDA income limits the same as USDA loan limits?
No. The income limit caps who is eligible — adjusted annual household income must be at or below the HB-1-3555 Appendix 5 moderate-income row for the property's county and household size ($122,800 for one-to-four-person households and $162,100 for five-to-eight-person households in most counties under the FY 2026 table effective July 13, 2026). The loan limit, where it exists, caps how much can be borrowed. A household can pass the income screen and still be sized to a small loan, or the reverse.
Does USDA publish a county loan-limit schedule like FHA's?
Not for the Guaranteed loan. A buyer used to looking up a county maximum will find nothing to look up, because USDA's Guaranteed program states there are no maximum purchase price limits and sizes the loan against the appraised value and repayment ability instead. The only USDA document that reads like a county schedule is the Area Loan Limits table for Section 502 Direct.
How do I find my county's USDA area loan limit?
Open USDA's Area Loan Limits document for Single Family Housing Direct, select your state, and read the county row. Confirm first that you are looking at the Direct loan rather than the Guaranteed loan, and remember that the area loan limit does not decide rural-area eligibility or the household income test — both of those are separate screens that still have to pass.
Does the maximum USDA loan amount depend on the property's location?
For the Guaranteed loan, location decides eligibility rather than loan size: the address must sit outside USDA Rural Development's ineligible-area polygons, and the property's county and household size decide which income-limit row applies. The loan amount itself comes from the appraised value and repayment ability. For the Direct loan, location does affect the maximum, through the county area loan limit.
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By state

Check USDA eligible areas and income limits by state

Each state page names the USDA-ineligible urbanized cores, the rural regions that stay inside the eligible-area map, and the Section 502 moderate-income floor that applies in that state.